Chapter 5: Genetic Information

How complicated are a simple bacterium cell and the cell of a human being? How much genetic information do they contain? What was needed, to think them out and to make them? What do they need, to function? - Bernd-Olaf Küppers is scientific assistant at the Max-Planck-Institute for biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, West Germany. Nobel-Prize winner Manfred Eigen is the Director of this institute. Küppers’ main-field of research: the origin of life.

Bernd-Olaf Küppers, an evolutionist, writes: "Even a ‘simple’ bacterium-cell is in its material structure immensely complex. ... Its inner life is like a full-automatic chemical factory, where smaller molecules are continuously being built. Hereby, every reaction-step is minutely controlled with the only goal, of keeping the system reproductive." (1978)

How much information does the bacterium-cell contain? How much, the cell of a man?

O.-B. Küppers: "The genetic information of a bacterium ... contains about four million symbols, that of a man, over one billion. Expressed in our language, the construction plan of a bacterium would have a volume of a book, 1000 pages thick. The construction plan of a human being, already the volume of a library, containing 1000 books. The reproduction of a bacterium normally lasts 20 minutes. Within this time, its construction plan must be transcribed symbol by symbol. And the instruction, encoded therein for the construction of a new bacterium-cell, must be realized."

Who is reading the construction-plan? And who carries out the synthesis-instructions?

B.-O. Küppers: "The analysis of living systems has shown us, that for this again a uniform class of biological macro molecules is responsible: the proteins. They are the function-carriers of living systems. In the form of highly specialized molecular machines, they fulfill all vital tasks, like matter-construction, metabolism, synthesis, and control. Especially among the proteins, there are molecular copying machines, that copy the genetic construction-plan exactly, symbol by symbol."

This shows us: Even the simplest bacterium-cell would still have to be a full-automatic chemical factory. Its genetic information, expressed in our language, would fill a book, 1000 pages thick. It reads and transcribes all of its genetic information, and builds a new bacterium-cell from it, within only 20 minutes! - Here we must ask ourselves: Could all that have come into being through a "glass-pearl game of chance", or through a dialectic struggle, a qualitative change of matter?

Evolutionist B.-O. Küppers: "The likelihood of a chance-synthesis of a ‘primordial gene’ is obviously reversibly proportional to the number of its sequence-number-alternatives, that can be combined. In the simple case of the bacterium-cell, this number is already 102 000 000. That is a 1 with two million zeros! Thus, it is absolutely unlikely that in a molecular roulette-game, the construction plan of even the simplest cell could evolve. It would be just as likely to get a complete textbook of biology, by just mixing the letters." (1978).

 

Result and Questions

We have found out now: The "inner life" of a "simple" bacterium cell is "immensely complex", like a "full-automatic factory". "Every reaction-step is minutely controlled" there. The genetic information of a bacterium contains about 4,000,000 molecular symbols. Expressed in the language of man, the bacterium’s genetic information would fill a book, 1000 pages thick. All of this information is reproduced within 20 minutes, symbol by symbol, when a new bacterium cell is made.

Does an automatic chemical factory arise by itself through chance mutation and selection? Or through a glass-pearl game of chance? Through natural laws? Or through a dialectic struggle? Does the text of a 1000-page book arise like that? - Hardly. - First, skilled chemical scientists and engineers must think out and build the automatic chemical factory. A person is writing first the book. The letters, words, sentences, and chapters did not get in there through a glass-pearl game of chance, through natural laws, or through a qualitative change in a dialectic struggle. That is only wishful thinking, not serious science.

How did all of this information get into the first cell? Manfred Eigen lets the first cell in his science fiction story evolve in the "soup" in a Darwinian process of evolution. Thereby, the fittest RNA-chain is supposed to have won. The information, contained in the cell, could have evolved only through natural laws. This he tries to prove through his famous glass-pearl game. But how could these "natural laws" have made this bacterium, this full-automatic chemical factory? What have other scientists found out about this?

Prof. A. E. Wilder Smith: "In the last analysis, this is still only speculation, laying largely outside the realm of what can be tested scientifically, by experiments. For Eigen, of course, does not disclose, how through pure chemical and physical conformities to law, optically pure left-winding and right-winding amino acids can arise spontaneously. The answering of just this question would be of decisive importance. For without its solution, the origin of vital proteins, enzymes or DNA/RNA-molecules cannot be explained." (1983:39).

"Eigen also does not disclose, from where the speech-conventions of the hypothetical primitive primordial code are supposed to have come. The structure of the code-storage-systems (DNA-molecule) itself needs also optically pure activity, that cannot arise with the help of pure chemical and physical conformities to law, neither experimentally nor theoretically. It demands more, than chemical and physical conformities to law alone can supply, what Eigen again does not explain. How, then, does one dare to make with a good scientific conscience the assertion that the riddle of the original biogenesis has been solved? To this also comes the problem of the origin of information, that is riding on the structure of the genetic code and where it is stored. It is not enough to claim that it just ‘developed’." - Wilder Smith, A. E. (1983:39, 40).

"According to Eigen, the transfer-ribonucleids are playing the role of ‘primordial words’ (Urworte); this means that the role of ‘words’, also of logos, information, codes, speech-conventions, and not only of chemistry and physics during the primordial procreation are accepted. In Eigen’s ‘contradiction-free’ theories, the following facts have to be thoroughly thought over, before one can accept them:

1.      Transfer-ribonucleic acids use in their chemical synthesis several parts, that must be optically pure, if the molecule is to be able to live and to store and to reproduce information: optical purity, though, can principally never arise through normal stochastical (= chance) chemistry. For the entropy-status of all pairs of optical isomers is identical.

2.      Even if a single ‘word’ arose at random from a mixture of chemical letters (like ‘AND’ in a mixture of 25 letters of our alphabet), the chemical word, produced in this way, would have no informational meaning at all, till it was given one by a speech-convention from outside. To mean that speech conventions ‘arise’ spontaneously, namely from a stochastic (= chance) reaction, has nothing to do anymore with natural scientific information-technology."

3.      The spontaneous origin of a meaningless ‘word’ (that is, without an accompanying speech-convention) never means that with its development, the cornerstone to a novel or to a blue print has evolved with it. A meaningless word is no starting-point for a meaningful novel. Transfer-ribonucleic acids must have been viewed by Eigen as the ‘primordial word’ of life, that is, actually as the primordial word of the genetic code, representing the beginning of the novel of life. A meaningless word, of course, has absolutely no connection with the then following novel, since the novel is the holistic (= functional relations between parts and the whole) code of a complete concept. Life, just like the novel, has to be viewed as holistic. The chemical ‘words’ and the codes of a novel realize the holistic, the whole concept of the organism or the book.

Every chemistry-skilled information-expert knows that chemical instructions and biochemical information, like all the other teleonomical (= toward a goal) information, can principally not arise through the mere chemical, stochastic (= chance) reactions. The genetic code is an information-storing and -reproducing system that is excellently suited to store, to replicate, and to reproduce biochemical instructions. But it does not produce them." - Wilder Smith, A. E. (1983:40-43).

What can we conclude now from the speech-convention, contained even in the smallest possible cell?

Prof. A. E. Wilder Smith: "Since the biochemical instructions of the genetic code represent chemical know-how, that with a speech, formed with the help of speech conventions, is working and coded, for them the conformities-to-law of information technology are also valid. The realization of these instructions in the synthesis of biological proteins is done with the help of speech conventions, lying in the DNA-code. Hence, the question arises, if the thermodynamics of systems, far off equlibrium, alone are capable to explain the phenomena, contained in the code:

·         optical activity (100% pure optical antipodes), that is, stereospecifity

·         the stereo-specific acceptor-receptor-systems, partly depending on optical activity

·         the genesis of real information, and its storing and reproduction

·         the genesis of codes and of speech conventions

Wilder Smith, A. E. (1983:43).

 

Back to Laws of Physics and Chemistry

Manfred Eigen and his co-workers (1982:99) claim to have reduced the phenomena of life back to the laws of physics and chemistry. - Is that true? Is it really possible, to reduce the phenomena of life back to the laws of physics and chemistry?

Max Thürkauf, Professor for physical Chemistry in Basel, Switzerland: "The laws of chemistry and physics cannot be understood by chemistry and physics. The laws are not something material - they are something spiritual." (1978:173).

"Chemistry and physics are products of the mind. ... Chemistry and physics are not the natural laws themselves, but their description by the human mind. Animals do not know any chemistry and physics, even though physico-chemical processes are necessary (but not sufficient) requirements for their existence. Since experimental proof for the theses of materialism are lacking, they are hypotheses. Hypotheses are a product of pure thinking, something spiritual. Materialism, therefore, is a variety of idealism, but one that distinguishes itself through a remarkable feat: the doing away of the mind through the mind." (1978:197, 198).

"The shape of a living being and also of a crystal and of liquids and gases is not something material, but something spiritual. Or to use another provocative word for materialists - something idealistic. The cube, the ball, the paraboloid, mathematics, consist as little of matter, as does the oak, the cat, or the human being." (1980:127).

How did the materialist get his wrong idea?

Prof. Max Thürkauf: "The classical mistake of the materialist is the thought-short-circuit of equating or confusing cause and effect, of writing and text. The writing can consist of printer’s ink and paper, of electromagnetic impulses of physiological brain-processes. The text is also speech, that is, something spiritual." (1980:133).

"The chaos of molecular movement is not even able to produce without logos (= reason, wisdom in creation) the rigid crystal-bodies, and not at all the living forms, freed from the physical-chemical bondage, and standing above these laws. The motion of matter contains neither the possibility for making a machine, nor for the genesis (= arising) of a living being in itself. For the making of a machine, the hands of a human being are needed, directed by his mind... All the theories about the accidental origin of living beings are lacking the modern natural-scientific proof: that of the systematically reproducible experiment." (1980:29).

Has the Leninistic change from quantities into qualities been proved by modern research?

Prof. Max Thürkauf: "The Leninistic change from quantities into qualities only works with chance-structures, like heaps and blots. As soon as this structure needs a construction plan, as, for example, a ball, a house, or a tree does, a builder cannot be evaded. He first has to think out the construction plan. Thereby he is putting the quality of the structure as an idea into the world. Only then can he form with his hands, directed by the same mind, that thought out the construction-plan, the matter."(1978:41).

"There is no physical-chemical law, that would be able to direct matter or its atoms in such a way, that out of its movements even the least one of the life-forms in shapes and color-richness of creation could be deduced." (1980:126).

Walter Heitler, Professor for theoretical Physics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, concludes: "Natural science has discovered natural laws. Does that prove then in any way the non-existence of something godly? The logic of such a conclusion is hardly reasonable. Even if we accepted the physical laws with all their harshness and their determination, as the general and only existing laws of the world, we had to admit that these laws do show quite a large amount of intelligence. Only a mathematician of rank is able to understand them. This, surely, leads us sooner to the idea of a Creator with inconceivable intelligence, than that it would prove the opposite. But the thesis that physics is able to explain the world fully, is of course, pure nonsense.

"Everywhere we do meet a world of the non-material, of the transcendental: in the laws of physics, whose expression is the mathematical form. Mathematics is, thus, certainly deeply embodied in nature. And it is not just a product of our brain. In the living organism, we meet a complexity and order, that do reveal a nearly incomprehensible wisdom." (1972:44, 54).

Result

The assertion, that life on Earth has evolved by itself from the primordial chemical soup, has now been thoroughly disproved. There is not a thread of valid scientific proof for chemical evolution. It is not science, only science fiction. The hypothesis of evolution, in its different forms, as now commonly taught, has nothing to do whatsoever with true natural science. It is a religion. The hypothesis of evolution is one of the oldest forms of false religion.

Already the priests of ancient Egypt taught that life on Earth has evolved from the water and mud of their River Nile. And further east, in Mesopotamia, the priests of Sumer (ancient Babylonia) believed that life on Earth has evolved from the mud of their Rivers Euphrates and Tigris. That is, in the oldest forms of the world’s false religion. The evolutionists, materialists, atheists and agnostics are living with a lie, with a religious lie.

What the Bible says

We read about this in the Bible Book of Romans, Chapter 1, Verses 18-25 (NW): "For God’s wrath is being revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who are surpressing the truth in an unrighteous way, because what may be known about God is manifest to them. For this invisible qualities are clearly seen from the world’s creation onward, because they are perceived by the things made, even his eternal power and Godship, so that they are inexcusable; because, although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God nor did they thank him, but they became empty-headed in their reasonings and their unintelligent heart became darkened.

"Although asserting they were wise, they became foolish and turned the glory of the incorruptible God into something like the image of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed creatures and creeping things. Therefore God, in keeping with the desires of their hearts, gave them up to uncleanness, that their bodies might be dishonored among them, even those who exchanged the truth of God for the lie and venerated and rendered sacred service to the creation rather then the One who created, who is blessed forever. Amen."

The true God is the God of the Bible. His name is Jehovah (JHVH). He has thought out and made the universe, our planet Earth, and the plants, animals, and mankind on it (Genesis, Chapter 1). There is not a single scientific fact that could disprove the creation account of the Bible, the inspired Word of the true God. To the contrary: The more, serious scientists find out about the living cell, the more they realize that true science supports the creation account of the Bible, and disproves the unscientific philosophy and religion of the evolutionists, materialists, atheists, and agnostics in East and West. It is high time that they woke up out of their dreams and realized, what the following text in the Bible really means, in Revelation 4:11 (NW):

"You are worthy, Jehovah, even our God, to receive the glory and the honor and the power, because you created all things, and because of your will they existed and were created."