Chapter 5: Information: Its Origin
Why is there matter (mass)? Why is there energy? Does inorganic matter contain any information, programs, and concepts? Does inorganic matter contain speech (codes), and plans? - What have scientists found out now about this?
Max Thürkauf is Professor for Physical Chemistry at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He rejects the theory of evolution as unscientific. He writes about inorganic matter and its origin. About the big bang he says: "In the melting-pot of this big bang, the hundredship of the elements, found by our chemistry, are said to have been formed. First, there had to be the idea or the blueprint for the periodic system of the chemical elements, the laws for the hydrogen atom and the other elements - thus, something spiritual. No painting, no house, no machine arises, before the painter, the builder or the technician has first made a building-plan." (1987:126).
"Whatever man is able to make, requires first the making of higher building-plans; in the case of matter, the making of physical laws. Before even a single atom of matter can be made, there must first be the laws for this atom. But laws are always something spiritual. The cause of matter is the spiritual world of the physical-chemical laws." (1987: 124, 125, 178).
"In natural science, only this will remain: something not perceptible, thus, something non-material, something mathematical - that is, something spiritual." (1982:122).
"Matter is the result of thinking, thus, something spiritual. ... the substance of the atom reveals itself - as mathematics, as spirit. ... All the physical-chemical laws are describing spiritual values, found in nature and controlling it. Their arising can only be understood through the existence of a mighty spirit - of God. ... The natural laws have not been made by scientists, they have only been found. No scientist is able to make even the simplest natural law. He is only finding the natural laws, contained in creation, and applies them." - Thürkauf, M. (1980:17, 42, 74, 75).
Professor Max Thürkauf: "The materialist confuses cause and effect, writing and text. The writing may consist of printer’s ink and paper, of electromagnetic impulses or of physiological processes in the brain; the text is always spirit in the form of speech. Natural laws are spiritual and are pointing directly to the existence of the spiritual world. ... the brain is a product of the spirit. ... Chemistry and physics require chemical and physical laws that are ruling matter. Before even a single atom can be made, one must first have the laws for this atom. A law is always something spiritual. The cause of matter is the spiritual world of the physical-chemical laws!" - Thürkauf, M. (1987:15, 25, 27, 87).
Information: Its Origin
Why is there information? How does it arise? Why are there codes (or languages)? Can information arise by chance, through some lucky coincidence? Can a code evolve by itself?
Werner Gitt is Director and Professor at the Physical-Technical Federal Institute (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) in Braunschweig, West Germany. His fields of research: Information (for example, digital simulation), numerical mathematics, automatic control technique and cybernetic systems theory. He believes in creation and rejects the evolution theory. He states:
"The code-convention and -origin is no material, but a spiritual process. Since information is a spiritual size, matter can principally create no semantic (= meaningful) contents. The so-called ‘maximum-minimum-principle’ says that a maximum of effect (yield, production) is achieved through a minimum of used material. Whoever has optimized processes at computers, knows how complicated programs must first be thought out and carried out, to implement optimal parameters of a system. Chance cannot do that." (1985: 53, 76, 77).
· Every information needs as its cause a spiritual source.
· Every information requires a sender.
· Every code and every speech-system is based on convention. These conventions are a basic part of every process of information. A glimpse into the make-up of the natural information-systems does show us, that they are much more complex and ingenious, than the technical ones, made (by man).
Gitt, W. (1985:119, 120
"The translating programs, that are interpreting the code, have a more complicated structure, than the code itself, that has been put in. Together with the genetic code, there had to be already a translating apparatus, which explains (interprets) the information, and which is controlling the following processes in such a way, that functional amino-acid-sequences are made for a certain purpose. Without spiritual planning, this is not possible." – Gitt, (1985:150).
Writing a Computer-Program.
What is needed, to write a computer-program? Can it arise by chance?
Prof. Werner Gitt: "Every programmer of computers knows, that one needs intelligence, to write a program. The complexer the program is, in regard to fullness of thoughts, depth of knowledge, and degree of difficulty, the more intelligence is needed.
"Wherever we find coding, order and plan, there we do know from unanimous observation, that somewhere intelligence must have been there at work. A thought must always first be thought. Then it is realized, by being enclosed in matter. Matter becomes the carrier of thoughts - just as a tape becomes the information-carrier of speech -, but the intelligence is no special force, dwelling within it." (1985:167)
Creative Proof
What creative proof is there? How can we know, if something has arisen by chance? Or if it has been thought out and been made by an intelligent person?
Professor Werner Gitt says in his book, Energie - optimal durch Information (Energy - optimal through Information): "Every machine needs a giver of ideas, an inventor, a constructor. Every maker of technical structures must know the physical laws, and be able to come then, while staying within the conditions, which are limiting and usable, to suitable constructions. ... His geniality is best seen in machines, where he has used the natural laws so skillfully, while applying all the constructive and architectonic ideas, that optimal solutions can be seen. ...According to the laws of information: every information needs a sender." (1986:35, 155).
"Information is always based on the will of a sender, who is sending this information. Information arises only through a will. A will is always connected with a person. Information is produced by the intelligence of the author and by his knowledge." - Gitt, W. (1986:98).
How does one make information? Which steps must one then take?
Prof. W. Gitt: There must be:
All technical systems and all the things, which have been made, from the pin to a work of art, are works made through information. In all technical systems and works of art, information is forming its nonmaterial basis. ... Information is neither a chemical nor a physical quality, but a spiritual quality." (1986:100, 107)
The five Levels of Information
What are the five levels of information? How is this information represented?
Prof. Werner Gitt: "Information is represented (= formulated, sent, stored) as a language.
1. From a common (agreed-upon) alphabet, the different signs one puts together as words (code).
2. From the words, covered with meaning, one makes sentences, according to the rules of
grammar, agreed upon (syntax).
3. These sentences carry semantic (= meaningful) information.
4. Intended/accomplished act (pragmatic).
5. Intended/reached goal (apobetic)." (1986:109).
"Every coding and its meaning is always based on convention. That is, why both sender and receiver must know them. Every code is a spiritual concept, whose meaning is always based on convention. So, one can decide already on the level of the code, if a system has been made, if it has come from a spiritual concept, or if it comes from matter. Crucial for the transferred information is the message, the statement, the sense, the meaning (semantic), which it contains. For the sender and the receiver of a telegram, its meaning is important. Only through its meaning, a sign-chain becomes information. It is sent by someone and is directed toward someone.
"Only that is information, which contains a meaning (semantic). Every information comes always from a spiritual source (sender). The sender tries to achieve something with the information, he sends, to cause in the receiver a certain result: Begging, complaining, asking, informing, teaching, admonishing, threatening, and ordering." - Gitt, W. (1986:110-113).
Manufacturing Information
What does one mean by manufacturing information? - Prof. W. Gitt: "This includes all the information, that one needs to make something. Before a product is made, the sender will apply:
o his intelligence
o his richness of ideas
o his know-how
o his inventiveness
Then he will encode his conception in a suitable way. This coded blueprint we do meet in many forms, for instance:
o as a technical drawing, when building a machine
o as a recipe for a cake
o as a chemical process for the synthesis of polyvinylchlorid
o as the wiring diagram for an electric circuit or
o as the genetic information for making a living cell
The quality of a found solution is embodied in:
the mental concept (semantic aspect of the information), and in
the cleverness of the realization (pragmatic). It can be designated and appraised by the
following key words:
o functional concept
o degree of inventive height
o clever method of solution
o reached optimality
o applied strategy
o short production-time
o used technology
o skillful programming
o reached degree of miniaturizing.
The quality of the visible result (apobetic) can be judged by:
the reached goal the brilliant manner of functioning
the usefulness in application the guaranteed functional safety."
Gitt, W. (1986:137)
Sender: Source of Information
What can the information tell us about its maker and sender? And how can this information show us, that it has been made by an intelligent person? - Prof. Werner Gitt (1986:138) explains:
Qualities of Sender
Intelligence
State of knowledge
Richness of ideas
Skill
Ingenuity
Meaning (Semantic)
1.Meaning, idea, conception, 2. Functional concept, 3. Height of inventiveness,
4. Method of solution, 5. Optimality, 6. Strategy, 7. Production time,
8. Technology, 9. Programming, 10. Miniaturizing
Pragmatic
Act of creation (life, universe).
Process of production (making a machine, writing a book, writing a program, building a house).
Quality of Result
Goal
Purpose
Meaning
Function
Result
Apobetic
Visible result.
Gitt, W. (1986:138).
Operative Information
What does one mean by operative information? Which concepts does it include?
Prof. Werner Gitt: "All of those concepts, which one needs, to keep an ‘installation’ in its most common form working. Without an operating information, many systems would not function at all. These programs are absolutely needed for the procedure, laid down conceptionally.
"Thus, a barrel-organ does not function without the program of the barrel-organ, just as the human body would not be able to live without the information-concept, given to it, with all the interactions over the nervous system between the brain and all the organs. The unconscious information-influences in the human body each day are 3.1024 bit." (1986:137).
Types of Operative Information
Program of a computer, of a robot
Warning-system of airplanes and ships
Pheromone-speech of insects
Tail-wagging of bees
Hormone-system of body
Operating-information in the animal-kingdom, ‘instinct’
Navigation of migratory birds. Gitt, W. (1986:137, 139)
Reproduced Information
What is reproduced information? Where do we find it? Why does it exist?
Prof. Werner Gitt: "Among artists, one clearly distinguishes between the intellectual authors (composers, poets, writers) and those, reproducing these works. ... For the arising of reproduced information, no own spiritual processes are needed. And that is why this work can also be done by a machine." (1986:140, 141).
Types of Reproduced Information
Creative Information
What is creative information? How does it arise? And which types of creative information are there?
Prof. Werner Gitt: Creative information is the "highest form of information. For creative information, a spiritual creator with a person-like will is needed. It is a spiritual process, which is immaterial. Thus, a machine cannot do it. Creative information comes always from a person with cognitive (= knowing) abilities. Every creative information is a spiritual achievement. It is, therefore, fundamentally bound to a person-like (that is, having a will) giver-of-ideas (to someone, having intelligence, thinking-ability)." (1986:141).
Examples for Creative Information
Gitt, W. (1986:141).
The sender of creative information can only be a person-like being. While as the sender of copied or reproduced information, also machines can be used. ... We are only speaking of information, if there is a transferring-process between sender and receiver, and if one is using a code. ... The information within living systems proves to be ‘operational information’. It has been tailored exactly for the countless life-processes and -situations. All this information is also ‘reproductive information’ and at the same time ‘creative information’." - Gitt, W. (1986:141-143, 155)